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SPSS or any other statistical package (HEAPH6003)

Exercise 1

Answer A

Lower limit = 27.94 kg/m^2 - 4.85 kg/m^2 = 23.09 kg/m^2

Upper limit = 27.94 kg/m^2 + 4.85 kg/m^2 = 32.79 kg/m^2

Answer B

Lower limit: µ - 2σ

Upper limit: µ + 2σ

Lower limit = 27.94 kg/m^2 - 2 * 4.85 kg/m^2 = 27.94 kg/m^2 - 9.7 kg/m^2 = 18.24 kg/m^2

Upper limit = 27.94 kg/m^2 + 2 * 4.85 kg/m^2 = 27.94 kg/m^2 + 9.7 kg/m^2 = 37.64 kg/m^2

Answer C

Lower limit: µ - 3σ

Upper limit: µ + 3σ

Lower limit = 27.94 kg/m^2 - 3 * 4.85 kg/m^2 = 27.94 kg/m^2 - 14.55 kg/m^2 = 13.39 kg/m^2

Upper limit = 27.94 kg/m^2 + 3 * 4.85 kg/m^2 = 27.94 kg/m^2 + 14.55 kg/m^2 = 42.49 kg/m^2

So, for 99.7% of patients, their BMI lies between 13.39 kg/m^2 and 42.49 kg/m^2.

Exercise 2

Answer A

When the data is spread out normally, the median is the same as the mean. That means that the middle weight for adults in Australia is 78 kg, which is the same as the mean.

Answer B

About 95% of the data falls within two standard deviations, 99.7% of the data falls within three standard deviations, and about 68% of the data falls within one standard deviation of the mean.

Lower limit

78 kg - 3 * 10 kg = 78 kg - 30 kg = 48 kg

Upper limit

78 kg + 3 * 10 kg = 78 kg + 30 kg = 108 kg

So, 99.7% of adult Australians will have weights between 48 kg and 108 kg.

Exercise 3

Answer A

X = 1.96 * 16 + 266 = 293.36

The length of the middle 95% of pregnancies falls between approximately 238.64 days and 293.36 days.

Answer B

X = -1.96 * 16 + 266 = 238.64

The length of the shortest 2.5% of pregnancies is approximately 238.64 days.

Answer C

X = 1.96 * 16 + 266 = 293.36

So, the length of the longest 2.5% of pregnancies is approximately 293.36 days.

Exercise 4

Answer A

The dependent variable is diabetes and proposed level and independent variable is age.

Answer B

The association is as follows:-

Correlations
Sex	proposed waist circumference	Diabetes	Betel leaf use
Sex	Pearson Correlation	1	.262^**	.007	-.082
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.000	.901	.128
	N	350	350	350	350
proposed waist circumference	Pearson Correlation	.262^**	1	-.075	.012
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.000	.159	.828
	N	350	350	350	350
Diabetes	Pearson Correlation	.007	-.075	1	.060
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.901	.159	.261
	N	350	350	350	350
Betel leaf use	Pearson Correlation	-.082	.012	.060	1
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.128	.828	.261
	N	350	350	350	350
Proposed nutrition level	Pearson Correlation	-.093	.178^**	-.051	.100
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.081	.001	.344	.061
	N	350	350	350	350
Proposed BMI	Pearson Correlation	.100	.255^**	-.097	.089
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.063	.000	.071	.096
	N	350	350	350	350
High Blood pressure	Pearson Correlation	-.280^**	-.208^**	.228^**	.179^**
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.000	.000	.000	.001
	N	350	350	350	350

The above table reflects that the correlation is positive between the variables.

Answer C

The summary statistics is as follows:-

Statistics
Age	Sex	Religion	Occupation	Family income (monthly)	Education
N	Valid	350	350	350	350	350	350
N	Missing	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mean		29.10	1.43	1.07	4.41	9012.23	3.16
Median		28.00	1.00	1.00	6.00	7250.00	2.00
Std. Deviation		7.927	.496	.248	2.941	5966.087	2.003
Variance		62.832	.246	.062	8.650	35594197.885	4.011
Skewness		1.396	.266	3.520	.019	3.007	.461
Std. Error of Skewness		.130	.130	.130	.130	.130	.130
Kurtosis		2.340	-1.940	10.454	-1.521	10.000	-1.451
Std. Error of Kurtosis		.260	.260	.260	.260	.260	.260
Range		41	1	1	8	38000	5

Statistics
proposed waist circumference	Diabetes	Heart Disease	Chronic Respiratory Disease	High Blood pressure
N	Valid	350	350	350	350	350
N	Missing	0	0	0	0	0
Mean		.1200	1.97	1.35	1.93	1.92
Median		.0000	2.00	1.00	2.00	2.00
Std. Deviation		.32543	.182	.479	.258	.276
Variance		.106	.033	.229	.067	.076
Skewness		2.349	-5.141	.612	-3.343	-3.039
Std. Error of Skewness		.130	.130	.130	.130	.130
Kurtosis		3.537	24.569	-1.635	9.225	7.280
Std. Error of Kurtosis		.260	.260	.260	.260	.260
Range		1.00	1	1	1	1

Statistics
Proposed nutrition level	Proposed BMI	Tobacco Use	Betel leaf use	Body Mass Index
N	Valid	350	350	350	350	350
N	Missing	0	0	0	0	0
Mean		1.8114	1.6771	1.6286	1.9200	20.6047
Median		2.0000	2.0000	2.0000	2.0000	19.9948
Std. Deviation		.39173	.46824	.48388	.27168	3.35219
Variance		.153	.219	.234	.074	11.237
Skewness		-1.599	-.761	-.534	-3.110	.840
Std. Error of Skewness		.130	.130	.130	.130	.130
Kurtosis		.560	-1.429	-1.724	7.714	.421
Std. Error of Kurtosis		.260	.260	.260	.260	.260
Range		1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	19.39

Answer D

The graph of occupation is as follows:-

Exercise 5

Answer A

The compare means is as follows-

Case Processing Summary
Cases
Included		Excluded		Total
N	Percent	N	Percent	N	Percent
patients ID * nicotine level pre	209	100.0%	0	0.0%	209	100.0%
nicotine level post * nicotine level pre	209	100.0%	0	0.0%	209	100.0%
smoking status * nicotine level pre	209	100.0%	0	0.0%	209	100.0%

Report
nicotine level pre		patients ID	nicotine level post	smoking status
35.00	Mean	1011.00	53.0000	2.00
	N	1	1	1
	Std. Deviation	.	.	.
38.00	Mean	1013.00	56.0000	2.00
	N	1	1	1
	Std. Deviation	.	.	.
39.60	Mean	1021.00	57.4000	2.00
	N	1	1	1
	Std. Deviation	.	.	.
42.00	Mean	1025.00	57.5000	1.00
	N	1	1	1
	Std. Deviation	.	.	.
44.00	Mean	1032.00	59.4000	2.00
	N	1	1	1
	Std. Deviation	.	.	.
46.50	Mean	1035.00	61.5000	2.00
	N	1	1	1
	Std. Deviation	.	.	.
47.00	Mean	1059.00	65.5000	2.00
	N	1	1	1
	Std. Deviation	.	.	.
49.00	Mean	1066.00	66.3000	1.00
	N	1	1	1
	Std. Deviation	.	.	.
51.00	Mean	1198.00	39.6000	2.00
	N	1	1	1
	Std. Deviation	.	.	.
53.00	Mean	1089.00	42.0000	2.00
	N	1	1	1
	Std. Deviation	.	.	.
56.00	Mean	1090.00	44.0000	2.00
	N	1	1	1
	Std. Deviation	.	.	.
57.40	Mean	1106.00	46.5000	2.00
	N	1	1	1
	Std. Deviation	.	.	.
57.50	Mean	1091.00	47.0000	2.00
	N	1	1	1
	Std. Deviation	.	.	.
59.40	Mean	1140.00	49.0000	2.00
59.40	N	1	1	1

Answer B

The given test is as follows:-

Variables Entered/Removed^a
Model	Variables Entered	Variables Removed	Method
1	nicotine level post^b	.	Enter

a. Dependent Variable: patients ID

b. All requested variables entered.

Model Summary
Model	R	R Square	Adjusted R Square	Std. Error of the Estimate
1	.080^a	.006	.002	60.430

a. Predictors: (Constant), nicotine level post

ANOVA^a
Model		Sum of Squares	df	Mean Square	F	Sig.
1	Regression	4833.680	1	4833.680	1.324	.251^b
	Residual	755926.320	207	3651.818
	Total	760760.000	208

a. Dependent Variable: patients ID

b. Predictors: (Constant), nicotine level post

Coefficients^a
Model		Unstandardized Coefficients		Standardized Coefficients	t	Sig.
Model		B	Std. Error	Beta	t	Sig.
1	(Constant)	1132.977	24.674	45.918	.000
1	nicotine level post	-.326	.284	-.080	-1.150	.251

a. Dependent Variable: patients ID

Appendices

Frequency Table

ge
Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	19	9	2.6	2.6	2.6
	20	24	6.9	6.9	9.4
	21	7	2.0	2.0	11.4
	22	32	9.1	9.1	20.6
	23	16	4.6	4.6	25.1
	24	17	4.9	4.9	30.0
	25	43	12.3	12.3	42.3
	26	17	4.9	4.9	47.1
	27	9	2.6	2.6	49.7
	28	25	7.1	7.1	56.9
	29	9	2.6	2.6	59.4
	30	29	8.3	8.3	67.7
	31	8	2.3	2.3	70.0
	32	21	6.0	6.0	76.0
	33	1	.3	.3	76.3
	34	3	.9	.9	77.1
	35	28	8.0	8.0	85.1
	36	2	.6	.6	85.7
	37	2	.6	.6	86.3
	38	8	2.3	2.3	88.6
	40	14	4.0	4.0	92.6
	41	2	.6	.6	93.1
	42	3	.9	.9	94.0
	44	2	.6	.6	94.6
	45	3	.9	.9	95.4
	47	2	.6	.6	96.0
	48	1	.3	.3	96.3
	49	1	.3	.3	96.6
	50	5	1.4	1.4	98.0
	52	1	.3	.3	98.3
	53	1	.3	.3	98.6
	55	1	.3	.3	98.9
	60	4	1.1	1.1	100.0
	Total	350	100.0	100.0

Sex
Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	male	198	56.6	56.6	56.6
	female	152	43.4	43.4	100.0
	Total	350	100.0	100.0

Religion
Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Muslim	327	93.4	93.4	93.4
	Hindu	23	6.6	6.6	100.0
	Total	350	100.0	100.0

Occupation
Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	House wife	124	35.4	35.4	35.4
	Garments worker	16	4.6	4.6	40.0
	Day laborer	27	7.7	7.7	47.7
	Govt.job	4	1.1	1.1	48.9
	Private job	75	21.4	21.4	70.3
	Small business	60	17.1	17.1	87.4
	student	5	1.4	1.4	88.9
	others	39	11.1	11.1	100.0
	Total	350	100.0	100.0

Family income (monthly)
Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	2000	1	.3	.3	.3
	2100	1	.3	.3	.6
	2500	1	.3	.3	.9
	3000	7	2.0	2.0	2.9
	3500	1	.3	.3	3.1
	4000	10	2.9	2.9	6.0
	4500	6	1.7	1.7	7.7
	4750	1	.3	.3	8.0
	5000	35	10.0	10.0	18.0
	6000	53	15.1	15.1	33.1
	6500	1	.3	.3	33.4
	7000	58	16.6	16.6	50.0
	7500	2	.6	.6	50.6
	8000	34	9.7	9.7	60.3
	8930	1	.3	.3	60.6
	9000	31	8.9	8.9	69.4
	10000	58	16.6	16.6	86.0
	11000	3	.9	.9	86.9
	12000	17	4.9	4.9	91.7
	15000	4	1.1	1.1	92.9
	17000	1	.3	.3	93.1
	20000	7	2.0	2.0	95.1
	22000	1	.3	.3	95.4
	25000	1	.3	.3	95.7
	30000	9	2.6	2.6	98.3
	35000	4	1.1	1.1	99.4
	40000	2	.6	.6	100.0
	Total	350	100.0	100.0

Education
Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Primary	89	25.4	25.4	25.4
	Secondary	100	28.6	28.6	54.0
	S.S.C	36	10.3	10.3	64.3
	H.S.C	14	4.0	4.0	68.3
	Graduation	12	3.4	3.4	71.7
	don't know	99	28.3	28.3	100.0
	Total	350	100.0	100.0

proposed waist circumference
Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	normal range	308	88.0	88.0	88.0
	incease risk	42	12.0	12.0	100.0
	Total	350	100.0	100.0

Diabetes
Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	yes	12	3.4	3.4	3.4
	no	338	96.6	96.6	100.0
	Total	350	100.0	100.0

Heart Disease
Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	yes	226	64.6	64.6	64.6
	no	124	35.4	35.4	100.0
	Total	350	100.0	100.0

Chronic Respiratory Disease
Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	yes	25	7.1	7.1	7.1
	no	325	92.9	92.9	100.0
	Total	350	100.0	100.0

High Blood pressure
Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	yes	29	8.3	8.3	8.3
	no	321	91.7	91.7	100.0
	Total	350	100.0	100.0

Proposed nutrition level
Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	undernourished	66	18.9	18.9	18.9
	non undernaurished	284	81.1	81.1	100.0
	Total	350	100.0	100.0